1348Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death.
1411Ming China's Admiral Zheng He returns to Nanjing after the third treasure voyage and presents the Sinhalese king, captured during the Ming–Kotte War, to the Yongle Emperor.
1415Jan Hus is condemned by the assembly of the council in the Konstanz Cathedral as a heretic and sentenced to be burned at the stake.
1438A temporary compromise between the rebellious Transylvanian peasants and the noblemen is signed in Kolozsmonostor Abbey.
1439The reunion of the Catholic and Orthodox Church is proclaimed and celebrated with a public holiday.
1483Richard III and Anne Neville are crowned King and Queen of England.
1484Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
1495First Italian War: Battle of Fornovo: Charles VIII defeats the Holy League.
1536Thomas More is executed after having been condemned on perjured evidence.
1536The explorer Jacques Cartier lands at St. Malo at the end of his second expedition to North America. He returns with none of the gold he expected to find.
1557King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually resulted in the loss of the city of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.
1560The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
1573Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
1614Raid on Żejtun: The south east of Malta, and the town of Żejtun, suffer a raid from Ottoman forces. This was the last unsuccessful attempt by the Ottomans to conquer the island of Malta.
1885Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
1887David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
1892Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
1918The Left SR uprising in Russia starts with the assassination of German ambassador Wilhelm von Mirbach by Cheka members.
1919The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
1933The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago's Comiskey Park. The American League defeated the National League 4–2.
1936A major breach of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading into the River Irwell.
1937Spanish Civil War: Battle of Brunete: The battle begins with Spanish Republican troops going on the offensive against the Nationalists to relieve pressure on Madrid.
1939Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany closes the last remaining Jewish enterprises.
1940Story Bridge, a major landmark in Brisbane, as well as Australia's longest cantilever bridge is formally opened.
1941World War II: The German army launches its offensive to encircle several Soviet armies near Smolensk.
1942Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the "Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
1944Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to his court-martial.
1944The Hartford circus fire, one of America's worst fire disasters, kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in Hartford, Connecticut.
1947Referendum held in Sylhet to decide its fate in the Partition of India.
1947The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
1957Althea Gibson wins at the Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.
1957John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for the first time, as teenagers at Woolton Fete, three years before forming the Beatles.
1962As a part of Operation Plowshare, the Sedan nuclear test takes place.
1962The Late Late Show, the world's longest-running chat show by the same broadcaster, airs on RTÉ One for the first time.
1964Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
1966Malawi becomes a republic, with Hastings Banda as its first President.
1975The Comoros declares independence from France.
1982While attempting to return to Sheremetyevo International Airport, Aeroflot Flight 411, an Ilyushin Il-62, crashes near Mendeleyevo, Moscow Oblast, killing all 90 people on board.
1988The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. One hundred sixty-seven oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms of direct loss of life.
1989The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack: Sixteen bus passengers are killed when a member of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad took control of the bus and drove it over a cliff.
1995In the Bosnian War, under the command of General Ratko Mladić, Serbia begins its attack on the Bosnian town of Srebrenica.
1996A McDonnell Douglas MD-88 operating as Delta Air Lines Flight 1288 experiences a turbine engine failure during takeoff from Pensacola International Airport, killing two and injuring five of the 147 people on board.
1997The Troubles: In response to the Drumcree dispute, five days of mass protests, riots and gun battles begin in Irish nationalist districts of Northern Ireland.
1998Hong Kong International Airport opens in Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong, replacing Kai Tak Airport as the city's international airport.
2003The 70-metre Yevpatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message (Cosmic Call 2) to five stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri (HD 75732), HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris (HD 95128). The messages will arrive to these stars in 2036, 2040, 2044, and 2049, respectively.
2006The Nathu La pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.
2013At least 42 people are killed in a shooting at a school in Yobe State, Nigeria.
2013A Boeing 777 operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crashes at San Francisco International Airport, killing three and injuring 181 of the 307 people on board.
2013A 73-car oil train derails in the town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec and explodes into flames, killing at least 47 people and destroying more than 30 buildings in the town's central area.
2021An Antonov An-26 operating as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashes on approach to Palana Airport, killing all 28 aboard.
2022The Georgia Guidestones, a monument in the United States, are heavily damaged in a bombing, and are dismantled later the same day.
Nacimientos (189)
1387Queen Blanche I of Navarre (died 1441)
1423Antonio Manetti, Italian mathematician and architect (died 1497)
1580Johann Stobäus, German lute player and composer (died 1646)
1623Jacopo Melani, Italian violinist and composer (died 1676)
1678Nicola Francesco Haym, Italian cellist and composer (died 1729)
1686Antoine de Jussieu, French biologist and academic (died 1758)
1701Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (died 1785)
1736Daniel Morgan, American general and politician (died 1802)
1747John Paul Jones, Scottish-American captain, early leader in the Continental Navy (died 1792)
1766Alexander Wilson, Scottish-American poet, ornithologist, and illustrator (died 1813)
1782Maria Luisa of Spain (died 1824)
1785William Hooker, English botanist and academic (died 1865)
1789María Isabella of Spain (died 1846)
1796Nicholas I of Russia (died 1855)
1797Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey (died 1869)
1799Louisa Caroline Huggins Tuthill, American author (died 1879)
1817Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (died 1905)
1818Adolf Anderssen, German chess player (died 1879)
1823Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish publisher, writer, and women's rights activist (died 1895)
1829Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (died 1880)
1831Sylvester Pennoyer, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Oregon (died 1902)