1572Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried and found guilty of treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
1605The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.
1641Reapers' War: The Junta de Braços (parliamentary assembly) of the Principality of Catalonia accepts the proposal of establishment of the Catalan Republic, under French protection.
1707The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.
1716King Philip V of Spain promulgates the Nueva Planta decree of the Principality of Catalonia, abolishing the Catalan institutions and its legal system, being replaced by those of Castile, thus putting an end to Catalonia as separate state and becoming a province of the new French-style Kingdom of Spain.
1757Forces of the Maratha Empire are defeated by the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Narela.
1809Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.
1847Westward expansion of the United States: John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
1862Hartley Colliery disaster: Two hundred and four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompting a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.
1913Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan writes his first letter to G. H. Hardy at Cambridge, stating without proof various formulae involving integrals, infinite series, and continued fractions, beginning a long correspondence between the two as well as widespread recognition of Ramanujan's results.
1919Nebraska becomes the 36th state to approve the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, Prohibition is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year later.
1959Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 205 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Astor Piazzolla International Airport in Mar del Plata, Argentina, killing 51.
1969Space Race: Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform the first-ever docking of crewed spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk.
1983Turkish Airlines Flight 158 crashes at Ankara Esenboğa Airport in Ankara, Turkey, killing 47 and injuring 20.
1984A radiation detector at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, United States, detects radioactivity after a truck carrying rebar accidentally passed through the laboratory's area, revealing a contamination incident that occurred in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, the previous month.
1991Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War.
2003The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.
2006Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.
2011Syrian civil war: The Movement for a Democratic Society (TEV-DEM) is established with the stated goal of re-organizing Syria along the lines of democratic confederalism.
2012The Mali War begins when Tuareg militias start fighting the Malian government for independence.
2016Thirty-three out of 126 freed hostages are injured and 23 killed in terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on a hotel and a nearby restaurant.
2017Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 crashes into a residential area near Manas International Airport in Kyrgyzstan, killing 39 people.
2018Myanmar police open fire on a group of ethnic Rakhine protesters, killing seven and wounding twelve.
2020The first impeachment of Donald Trump formally moves into its trial phase in the United States Senate.
2020The United States Senate ratifies the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement as a replacement for NAFTA.
Nacimientos (227)
972Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (died 1031)
1093Isaac Komnenos, son of Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (died 1152)
1834Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, French mathematician and academic (born 1769)
1856Thaddeus William Harris, American entomologist and botanist (born 1795)
1864Anton Schindler, Austrian secretary and author (born 1795)
1865Edmond François Valentin About, French journalist and author (born 1828)
1879Octave Crémazie, Canadian-French poet and bookseller (born 1827)
1886Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer and academic (born 1834)
1891Léo Delibes, French pianist and composer (born 1836)
1898Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (born 1802)
1901Jules Barbier, French poet and playwright (born 1825)
1901Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter and academic (born 1827)
1901Hiram Rhodes Revels, American soldier, minister, and politician (born 1822)
1901Mahadev Govind Ranade, Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author (born 1842)
1906Marshall Field, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Marshall Field's (born 1834)
1917George Dewey, American admiral (born 1837)
1919Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian lawyer and politician, fifth President of Brazil (born 1848)
1933Bekir Sami Kunduh, Turkish politician (born 1867)
1936Albert Fish, American serial killer, rapist and cannibal (born 1870)
1938Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Indian author and playwright (born 1876)
1942Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (born 1850)
1942Villem Grünthal-Ridala, Estonian poet and linguist (born 1885)
1942Carole Lombard, American actress and comedian (born 1908)
1942Ernst Scheller, German lawyer and politician, Mayor of Marburg (born 1899)
1957Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, English general and politician, 16th Governor General of Canada (born 1874)
1957Arturo Toscanini, Italian cellist and conductor (born 1867)
1959Phan Khôi, Vietnamese journalist and author (born 1887)
1961Max Schöne, German swimmer (born 1880)
1962Frank Hurley, Australian photographer, director, producer, and cinematographer (born 1885)
1962Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect, designed the Monument to the Unknown Hero (born 1883)
1967Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic (born 1901)
1968Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, founded Bob Jones University (born 1883)
1968Panagiotis Poulitsas, Greek archaeologist and judge (born 1881)
1969Vernon Duke, Russian-American composer and songwriter (born 1903)
1971Philippe Thys, Belgian cyclist (born 1890)
1972Teller Ammons, American soldier and politician, 28th Governor of Colorado (born 1895)
1972Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor, created Alvin and the Chipmunks (born 1919)
1973Edgar Sampson, American musician and composer (born 1907)
1975Israel Abramofsky, Russian-American painter (born 1888)
1978A. V. Kulasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1890)
1981Bernard Lee, English actor (born 1908)
1983Virginia Mauret, American musician and dancer
1986Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist, author, and publisher (born 1892)
1987Bertram Wainer, Australian physician and activist (born 1928)
1988Andrija Artuković, Croatian politician, war criminal, and Porajmos perpetrator, first Minister of Interior of the Independent State of Croatia (born 1899)
1990Lady Eve Balfour, British farmer, educator, and founding figure in the organic movement (born 1898)
1995Eric Mottram, English poet and critic (born 1924)
1996Marcia Davenport, American author and critic (born 1903)
1996Kaye Webb, English journalist and publisher (born 1914)
1999Jim McClelland, Australian lawyer, jurist, and politician, 12th Minister for Industry and Science (born 1915)
2000Robert R. Wilson, American physicist and academic (born 1914)
2001Auberon Waugh, English author and journalist (born 1939)
2002Robert Hanbury Brown, English astronomer and physicist (born 1916)
2003Richard Wainwright, English politician (born 1918)