70 a. C.The trial against Gaius Verres for corruption is opened, with Marcus Tullius Cicero as prosecutor and renowned orator Quintus Hortensius as defending lawyer.
598Goguryeo-Sui War: In response to a Goguryeo (Korean) incursion into Liaoxi, Emperor Wéndi of Sui orders his youngest son, Yang Liang (assisted by the co-prime minister Gao Jiong), to conquer Goguryeo during the Manchurian rainy season, with a Chinese army and navy.
1265Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham: The army of Prince Edward (the future king Edward I of England) defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies.
1320The so-called Black Parliament at Scone tries William II de Soules and other nobles who had plotted against Robert I of Scotland and intended to place William on the Scottish throne.
1578Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir: The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese but both the Moroccan king Abd al-Malik and the Portuguese king Sebastian die. Ahmad al-Mansur follows Abd al-Malik as sultan of Morocco while the death of Sebastian leads to a succession crisis in Portugal.
1693Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Perignon's invention of champagne; it is not clear whether he actually invented champagne, however he has been credited as an innovator who developed the techniques used to perfect sparkling wine.
1781Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, a fleet of six East India Company ships sets sail from Fort Marlborough to raid the Dutch VOC factories on the West coast of Sumatra including the major port of Padang.
1783Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing about 1,400 people (Tenmei eruption). The eruption causes a famine, which results in an additional 20,000 deaths.
1814War of 1812: The ultimately unsuccessful Siege of Fort Erie begins as British forces attempt to recapture the fort and drive American forces out of Canada.
1821The Saturday Evening Post is published for the first time as a weekly newspaper.
1854The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.
1863Matica slovenská, Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation, is established in Martin.
1887Granny, a sea anemone, died in Edinburgh after nearly 60 years in captivity. Her death was reported in The Scotsman and The New York Times.
1889The Great Fire of Spokane, Washington destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.
1892The father and stepmother of Lizzie Borden are found murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home. She will be tried and acquitted for the crimes a year later.
1914World War I: In response to the German invasion of Belgium, Belgium and the British Empire declare war on Germany. The United States declares its neutrality.
1915World War I: The German 12th Army occupies Warsaw during the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive and the Great Retreat of 1915.
1921Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict: Mikhail Frunze declares victory over the Makhnovshchina.
1922Enver Pasha dies in a skirmish between the BolshevikRed Army and Basmachi troops, to whom he had defected earlier.
1924Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Soviet Union are established.
1936Prime Minister of Greece Ioannis Metaxas suspends parliament and the Constitution and establishes the 4th of August Regime.
1944The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find and arrest Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and four others.
1964Second Gulf of Tonkin Incident: U.S. destroyers and mistakenly report coming under attack in the Gulf of Tonkin.
1965The Constitution of the Cook Islands comes into force, giving the Cook Islands self-governing status within New Zealand.
1969Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, American representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuân Thuỷ begin secret peace negotiations. The negotiations will eventually fail.
1972Ugandan PresidentIdi Amin announces that Uganda is no longer responsible for the care of British subjects of Asian origin, beginning the expulsions of Ugandan Asians.
1974A bomb explodes in the Italicus Express train at San Benedetto Val di Sambro, Italy, killing 12 people and wounding 22.
1975The Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA Building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The hostages include the U.S. consul and the Swedish Chargé d'affaires. The gunmen win the release of five imprisoned comrades and fly with them to Libya.
1984The Ariane 3 rocket is launched for the first time, carrying the Eutelsat I F-2 and Télécom 1A satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit.
1987The Federal Communications Commission rescinds the Fairness Doctrine which had required radio and television stations to give equal time to opposing views.
2006A massacre is carried out by Sri Lankan government forces, killing 17 employees of the French INGO Action Against Hunger (known internationally as Action Contre la Faim, or ACF).
2018Crisis in Venezuela: Seven people are injured when two drones detonate explosives on Avenida Bolívar, Caracas while president Nicolás Maduro is giving a speech to the Venezuelan National Guard.
2019Nine people are killed and 26 injured in a shooting in Dayton, Ohio. This comes only 13 hours after another mass shooting in El Paso, Texas, where 23 people were killed.
2020Beirut Port explosion: At least 220 people are killed and over 5,000 are wounded when 2,700 tons of ammonium nitrate explodes in Beirut, Lebanon.
Nacimientos (210)
1222Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (died 1262)
1281Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan (died 1311)
1290Leopold I, Duke of Austria (died 1326)
1463Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, Florentine patron of the arts (died 1503)
1469Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1528)
1470Bernardo Dovizi, Italian cardinal (died 1520)
1470Lucrezia de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (died 1553)
1521Pope Urban VII (died 1590)
1522Udai Singh II, King of Mewar (died 1572)
1604François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French cleric and author (died 1676)
1623Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1641–1680) and Hanau-Münzenberg (1642–1680) (died 1685)
1701Thomas Blackwell, Scottish historian and scholar (died 1757)
1704Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (died 1752)
1719Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German mineralogist and geologist (died 1767)
1721Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, English politician, Lord President of the Council (died 1803)
1725John Newton, slaver turned Christian evangelist and author of “Amazing Grace”
1755Nicolas-Jacques Conté, French soldier, painter, balloonist, and inventor (died 1805)
1792Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet and playwright (died 1822)
1805William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (died 1865)
1821Louis Vuitton, French fashion designer, founded Louis Vuitton (died 1892)