1057Elderly Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas abdicates after just one year on the throne.
1060The Mirdasids defeat the Fatimid Caliphate at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, signalling the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimids.
1282Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
1363The five-week Battle of Lake Poyang begins, in which the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders (Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang) meet to decide who will supplant the Yuan dynasty.
1464Paul II succeeds Pius II as pope of the Catholic Church.
1535With the papal bull Eius qui immobilis, Pope Paul III excommunicates King Henry VIII of England from the Catholic Church for approving the Acts of Supremacy, although the bull is likely never published.
1574Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
1757Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin beats a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.
1791Sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.
1799The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the War of the Second Coalition.
1800Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.
1808The convention of Cintra allows the defeated French troops to be transported out of Iberia on British ships, including their loot.
1813First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
1813Creek War: Fort Mims massacre: Creek "Red Sticks" kill over 500 settlers (including over 250 armed militia) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.
1873Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Sea.
1896Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.
1909Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.
1914World War I: Germans defeat the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg.
1917Vietnamese prison guards led by Trịnh Văn Cấn mutiny at the Thái Nguyên penitentiary against local French authority.
1918Fanni Kaplan shoots and seriously injures Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, which, along with the assassination of Bolshevik senior official Moisei Uritsky days earlier, prompts the decree for Red Terror.
1922Battle of Dumlupınar: The final battle in the Greco-Turkish War (Turkish War of Independence).
1936The RMS Queen Mary wins the Blue Riband by setting the fastest transatlantic crossing.
1940The Second Vienna Award reassigns the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
1941The Tighina Agreement, a treaty regarding administration issues of the Transnistria Governorate, is signed between Germany and Romania.
1942World War II: The Battle of Alam el Halfa begins.
1945The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong comes to an end.
1945The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Douglas MacArthur, lands at Atsugi Air Force Base.
1945The Allied Control Council, governing Germany after World War II, comes into being.
1959South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Dan is elected to the National Assembly despite soldiers being bussed in to vote for President Ngo Dinh Diem's candidate.
1962Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
1963The Moscow–Washington hotline between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.
1974A Belgrade–Dortmund express train derails at the main train station in Zagreb killing 153 passengers.
1974A powerful bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo. Eight are killed, 378 are injured. Eight left-wing activists are arrested on May 19, 1975, by Japanese authorities.
1974The Third World Population Conference ends in Bucharest, Romania. At the end of the ceremony, the UN-Romanian Demographic Centre is inaugurated.
1981President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing. The office of Iran's Prosecutor General blames the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
1983Aeroflot Flight 5463 crashes into Dolan Mountain while approaching Almaty International Airport in present-day Kazakhstan, killing all 90 people on board.
1983STS-8: The Space Shuttle Challenger takes off on the first night launch of the shuttle program. Guion Bluford becomes the first African-American in space on this mission.
1992The 11-day Ruby Ridge standoff ends with Randy Weaver surrendering to federal authorities.
1995Bosnian War: NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force against Bosnian Serb forces.
1998Second Congo War: Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and their Angolan and Zimbabwean allies recapture Matadi and the Inga dams in the western DRC from RCD and Rwandan troops.
2002Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4823 crashes on approach to Rio Branco International Airport, killing 23 of the 31 people on board.
2008A Conviasa Boeing 737 crashes into Illiniza Volcano in Ecuador, killing all three people on board.
2014Prime Minister of Lesotho Tom Thabane flees to South Africa as the army allegedly stages a coup.
2021The last remaining American troops leave Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.
2023Gabonese coup d'état: After Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection, a military coup ousts him, ending 56 years of Bongo family rule in Gabon.
Nacimientos (232)
1334Peter of Castile (died 1369)
1574Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian writer and translator (died 1634)
1609Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet, English politician (died 1644)
1609Artus Quellinus the Elder, Flemish sculptor (died 1668)
1627Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (died 1705)
1716Capability Brown, English landscape architect (died 1783)
1720Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician, founded Whitbread (died 1796)
1748Jacques-Louis David, French painter and illustrator (died 1825)
1768Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist (died 1812)
1797Mary Shelley, English novelist and playwright (died 1851)
1812Agoston Haraszthy, Hungarian-American businessman, founded Buena Vista Winery (died 1869)
1818Alexander H. Rice, American businessman and politician, 30th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1895)
1820George Frederick Root, American songwriter (Battle Cry of Freedom) (died 1895)
1822Adolph Strauch, Prussian American landscape architect (died 1883)
1839Gulstan Ropert, French-American bishop and missionary (died 1903)
1842Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (died 1849)
1844Emily Ruete/Salama bint Said, also called Sayyida Salme, a Princess of Zanzibar and Oman (died 1924)
1848Andrew Onderdonk, American surveyor and contractor (died 1905)
1850Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino journalist and lawyer (died 1896)
1852Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1911)
1852J. Alden Weir, American painter and academic (died 1919)
1855Evelyn De Morgan, English painter (died 1919)
1856Carl David Tolmé Runge, German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist (died 1927)