475The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna.
489Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
632Fatimah, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, dies, with her cause of death being a controversial topic among the Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims.
663Silla–Tang armies crush the Baekje restoration attempt and force Yamato Japan to withdraw from Korea in the Battle of Baekgang.
1189Third Crusade: The Crusaders begin the Siege of Acre under Guy of Lusignan.
1290The second treaty of Birgham is ratified in which Margaret, Maid of Norway and granddaughter of king Alexander III of Scotland is to marry the English prince Edward of Caernarfon.
1524The Kaqchikel Maya rebel against their former Spanish allies during the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
1542Turkish–Portuguese War: Battle of Wofla: The Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama is captured and later executed.
1565Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
1845The first issue of Scientific American magazine is published.
1849Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire: After a month-long siege, Venice, which had declared itself independent as the Republic of San Marco, surrenders to Austria.
1850Richard Wagner's Lohengrin premieres at the Staatskapelle Weimar.
1859The Carrington event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record to strike the Earth. Electrical telegraph service is widely disrupted.
1862American Civil War: The Second Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of Second Manassas, begins in Virginia. The battle ends on August 30 with another Union defeat.
1867The United States takes possession of the (at this point unoccupied) Midway Atoll.
1943Denmark in World War II: German authorities demand that Danish authorities crack down on acts of resistance. The next day, martial law is imposed on Denmark.
1944World War II: Marseille and Toulon are liberated.
1946The Workers' Party of North Korea, predecessor of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea, is founded at a congress held in Pyongyang, North Korea.
1957U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond begins a filibuster to prevent the United States Senate from voting on the Civil Rights Act of 1957; he stopped speaking 24 hours and 18 minutes later. This would remain the longest speech ever conducted by a single Senator until Cory Booker spoke for 25 hours and five minutes, beginning on March 31, 2025.
1963March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gives his I Have a Dream speech.
1964The Philadelphia race riot begins.
1968Police and protesters clash during 1968 Democratic National Convention protests as protesters chant "The whole world is watching".
1973Norrmalmstorg robbery: Stockholm police secure the surrenders of hostage-takers Jan-Erik Olsson and Clark Olofsson, defusing the Norrmalmstorg hostage crisis. The behaviours of the hostages later give rise to the term Stockholm syndrome.
1988Ramstein air show disaster: Three aircraft of the Frecce Tricolori demonstration team collide and the wreckage falls into the crowd. Seventy are killed and 346 seriously injured.
1990An F5 tornado strikes the Illinois cities of Plainfield and Joliet, killing 29 people.
1993NASA's Galileo probe performs a flyby of the asteroid 243 Ida. Astronomers later discover a moon, the first known asteroid moon, in pictures from the flyby and name it Dactyl.
1993Singaporean presidential election: Former Deputy Prime Minister Ong Teng Cheong is elected President of Singapore. Although it is the first presidential election to be determined by popular vote, the allowed candidates consist only of Ong and a reluctant whom the government had asked to run to confer upon the election the semblance of an opposition.
1993The autonomous Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia in Bosnia and Herzegovina is transformed into the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.
1993A Tajikistan Airlines Yakovlev Yak-40 crashes during takeoff from Khorog Airport in Tajikistan, killing 82.
1996Chicago Seven defendant David Dellinger, antiwar activist Bradford Lyttle, Civil Rights Movement historian Randy Kryn, and eight others are arrested by the Federal Protective Service while protesting in a demonstration at the Kluczynski Federal Building in downtown Chicago during that year's Democratic National Convention.
1998Pakistan's National Assembly passes a constitutional amendment to make the "Qur'an and Sunnah" the "supreme law" but the bill is defeated in the Senate.
1998Second Congo War: Loyalist troops backed by Angolan and Zimbabwean forces repulse the RCD and Rwandan offensive on Kinshasa.
1999The Russian space mission Soyuz TM-29 reaches completion, ending nearly 10 years of continuous occupation on the space stationMir as it approaches the end of its life.
2003In "one of the most complicated and bizarre crimes in the annals of the FBI", Brian Wells dies after becoming involved in a complex plot involving a bank robbery, a scavenger hunt, and a homemade explosive device.
2009NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-128.
2016The first experimental mission of ISRO's Scramjet Engine towards the realisation of an Air Breathing Propulsion System is successfully conducted from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
2017China–India border standoff: China and India both pull their troops out of Doklam, putting an end to a two-month-long stalemate over China's construction of a road in disputed territory.
2022Phoenix shooting: A man opens fire on pedestrians outside of a hotel in Phoenix, Arizona, resulting in the deaths of three people, including the perpetrator.
Nacimientos (224)
1023Go-Reizei, emperor of Japan (died 1068)
1366Jean Le Maingre, marshal of France (died 1421)
1476Kanō Motonobu, Japanese painter (died 1559)
1481Francisco de Sá de Miranda, Portuguese poet (died 1558)
1582Taichang, emperor of China (died 1620)
1591John Christian of Brieg, duke of Brzeg (died 1639)
1592George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English courtier and politician (died 1628)
1612Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch linguist and scholar (died 1653)
1667Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen of Denmark and Norway (died 1721)
1691Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress (died 1750)
1714Anthony Ulrich, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1774)
1728John Stark, American general (died 1822)
1739Agostino Accorimboni, Italian composer (died 1818)
1740John Lynch, American city founder and abolitionist (died 1820)
1749Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German novelist, poet, playwright, and diplomat (died 1832)
1774Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint, co-founded the Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition (died 1821)
1801Antoine Augustin Cournot, French mathematician and philosopher (died 1877)
1814Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish author (died 1873)
1816Charles Sladen, English-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Victoria (died 1884)
1822Graham Berry, English-Australian politician, 11th Premier of Victoria (died 1904)
1827Catherine Mikhailovna, Russian grand duchess (died 1894)
1833Edward Burne-Jones, English artist of the Pre-Raphaelite movement (died 1898)
1837Francis von Hohenstein, duke of Teck (died 1900)
1840Alexander Cameron Sim, Scottish-Japanese pharmacist and businessman, founded Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club (died 1900)
1841Louis Le Prince, French artist and original inventor of the motion picture camera (disappeared 1890)
1853Vladimir Shukhov, Russian architect and engineer, designed the Adziogol Lighthouse (died 1939)
1859Matilda Howell, American archer (died 1938)
1859Vittorio Sella, Italian mountaineer and photographer (died 1943)
1867Umberto Giordano, Italian composer and academic (died 1948)
1878George Whipple, American physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976)
683Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, ajaw of the city-state of Palenque (born 615)
770Kōken, emperor of Japan (born 718)
876Louis the German, Frankish king (born 804)
919He Gui, Chinese general (born 858)
1055Xing Zong, Chinese emperor (born 1016)
1149Mu'in ad-Din Unur, Turkish ruler and regent
1231Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark
1341Levon IV, king of Armenia (born 1309)
1406John de Sutton V, Baron Sutton of Dudley (born 1380)
1481Afonso V, king of Portugal (born 1432)
1540Federico II Gonzaga, duke of Mantua (born 1500)
1609Francis Vere, English governor and general
1645Hugo Grotius, Dutch playwright, philosopher, and jurist (born 1583)
1646Johannes Banfi Hunyades, English-Hungarian alchemist, chemist and metallurgist. (born 1576)
1648George Lisle, English general (born 1610)
1648Charles Lucas, English general (born 1613)
1654Axel Oxenstierna, Swedish lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (born 1583)
1665Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (born 1638)
1678John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1602)
1735Edwin Stead, English landowner and cricketer (born 1701)
1757David Hartley, English psychologist and philosopher (born 1705)
1761Melchor de Navarrete, Spanish colonial governor of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia, 1739–1742); of Spanish Florida (1749–1752); and of Yucatán (Mexico, 1754–1758) (born 1693)
1784Junípero Serra, Spanish priest and missionary (born 1713)
1793Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, French general (born 1740)
1805Alexander Carlyle, Scottish church leader and author (born 1722)
1818Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, American fur trader, founded Chicago (born 1750)
1820Andrew Ellicott, American surveyor and urban planner (born 1754)
1832Edward Dando, English thief
1839William Smith, English geologist and engineer (born 1769)
1888Julius Krohn, Finnish poet and journalist (born 1835)
1891Robert Caldwell, English missionary and linguist (born 1814)
1900Henry Sidgwick, English economist and philosopher (born 1838)
1903Frederick Law Olmsted, American journalist and architect, co-designed Central Park (born 1822)
1919Adolf Schmal, Austrian fencer and cyclist (born 1872)
1934Edgeworth David, Welsh-Australian geologist and explorer (born 1858)
1937George Prendergast, Australian politician, 28th Premier of Victoria (born 1854)
1943Georg Hellat, Estonian architect (born 1870)
1943Boris III of Bulgaria (born 1894)
1955Emmett Till, African-American kidnapping and lynching victim (born 1941)
1959Bohuslav Martinů, Czech-American composer and educator (born 1890)
1965Giulio Racah, Italian-Israeli physicist and mathematician (born 1909)
1968Dimitris Pikionis, Greek architect and academic (born 1887)
1971Reuvein Margolies, Israeli author and scholar (born 1889)
1972Prince William of Gloucester (born 1941)
1975Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (born 1907)
1976Anissa Jones, American actress (born 1958)
1978Bruce Catton, American historian and journalist (born 1899)
1978Robert Shaw, English actor (born 1927)
1981Béla Guttmann, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1899)
1982Geoff Chubb, South African cricketer (born 1911)
1984Muhammad Naguib, Egyptian general and politician, 1st President of Egypt (born 1901)
1985Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (born 1896)
1986Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (born 1903)
1987John Huston, Irish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1906)