17Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
451Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire takes place. The Sasanids defeat the Armenians militarily but guarantee them freedom to openly practice Christianity.
866Basil I is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire by Michael III.
946England is left temporarily without a monarch after the death of King Edmund I in a street fight, resulting in Edmund's brother Eadred assuming the throne for the minority of Edmund's two sons.
961King Otto I elects his six-year-old son Otto II as heir apparent and co-ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. He is crowned at Aachen, and placed under the tutelage of his grandmother Matilda.
1293An earthquake strikes Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan, killing about 23,000.
1328William of Ockham, the Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena, and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.
1538Geneva expels John Calvin and his followers from the city. Calvin lives in exile in Strasbourg for the next three years.
1573The Battle of Haarlemmermeer, a naval engagement in the Eighty Years' War.
1637Pequot War: A combined English and Mohegan force under John Mason attacks a village in Connecticut, massacring approximately 500 Pequots.
1644Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.
1736The Battle of Ackia is fought near the present site of Tupelo, Mississippi. British and Chickasaw soldiers repel a French and Choctaw attack on the then-Chickasaw village of Ackia.
1783A Great Jubilee Day held at North Stratford, Connecticut, celebrates the end of fighting in the American Revolutionary War.
1805Napoléon Bonaparte assumes the title of King of Italy and is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in Milan Cathedral, the gothic cathedral in Milan.
1821Establishment of the Peloponnesian Senate by the Greek rebels.
1822At least 113 people die in the Grue Church fire, the biggest fire disaster in Norway's history.
1864President Abraham Lincoln signs legislation organizing the Montana Territory.
1865Conclusion of the American Civil War: The Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith, commander of the Trans-Mississippi division, is the last full general of the Confederate Army to surrender, at Galveston, Texas.
1900Thousand Days' War: The Colombian Conservative Party turns the tide of war in their favor with victory against the Colombian Liberal Party in the Battle of Palonegro.
1903Românul de la Pind, the longest-running newspaper by and about Aromanians until World War II, is founded.
1908The first major commercial oil strike in the Middle East is made at Masjed Soleyman in southwest Persia. The rights to the resource were quickly acquired by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
1923The first 24 Hours of Le Mans is held in France. Run annually in June thereafter, it became the oldest endurance racing event in the world.
1926Abd el-Krim ends surrenders to the French, bringing an end to the Rif War.
1927The last Ford Model T rolls off the assembly line after a production run of 15,007,003 vehicles.
1936In the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, Tommy Henderson begins speaking on the Appropriation bill. By the time he sits down in the early hours of the following morning, he had spoken for ten hours.
1937Walter Reuther and members of the United Auto Workers (UAW) clash with Ford Motor Company security guards at the River Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Michigan, during the Battle of the Overpass.
1940World War II: Operation Dynamo: In northern France, Allied forces begin a massive evacuation from Dunkirk, France. The Battle of Dunkirk begins simultaneously as Allied defenders fight to slow down the German offensive.
1940World War II: The Siege of Calais ends with the surrender of the British and French garrison.
1942World War II: The Battle of Gazala begins, in present-day Libya.
1948The U.S. Congress passes Public Law 80-557, which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as an auxiliary of the United States Air Force.
1967The Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is released.
1968H-dagurinn in Iceland: Traffic changes from driving on the left to driving on the right overnight.
1969Apollo program: Apollo 10 returns to Earth after a successful eight-day test of all the components needed for the forthcoming first crewed Moon landing.
1970The Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 becomes the first commercial transport to exceed Mach 2.
1972Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
1981Italian Prime Minister Arnaldo Forlani and his coalition cabinet resign following a scandal over membership of the pseudo-masonic lodge P2 (Propaganda Due).
1981An EA-6B Prowler crashes on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier , killing 14 crewmen and injuring 45 others.
1983The 7.8 Sea of Japan earthquake shakes northern Honshu with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami is generated that leaves about 100 people dead.
1991Lauda Air Flight 004 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes in the Phu Toei National Park in the Suphan Buri province of Thailand, killing all 223 people on board.
1998The Supreme Court of the United States rules in New Jersey v. New York that Ellis Island, the historic gateway for millions of immigrants, is mainly in the state of New Jersey, not New York.
1998The first "National Sorry Day" is held in Australia. Reconciliation events are held nationally, and attended by over a million people.
1998A MIAT Mongolian Airlines Harbin Y-12 crashes near Erdenet, Orkhon Province, Mongolia, resulting in 28 deaths.
2002The tugboat Robert Y. Love collides with a support pier of Interstate 40 on the Arkansas River near Webbers Falls, Oklahoma, resulting in 14 deaths and 11 others injured.
2003Ukrainian-Mediterranean Airlines Flight 4230 crashes in the Turkish town of Maçka, killing 75.
2008Severe flooding begins in eastern and southern China that will ultimately cause 148 deaths and force the evacuation of 1.3 million.
2020Protests triggered by the murder of George Floyd erupt in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, later becoming widespread across the United States and around the world.
2021Ten people are killed in a shooting at a VTA rail yard in San Jose, California, United States.
202565 people are injured when a car rams into a crowd on Water Street, near Liverpool F.C.'s Premier League trophy parade.
Nacimientos (180)
1264Koreyasu, Japanese prince and shōgun (died 1326)
1478Clement VII, pope of the Catholic Church (died 1534)
1562James III, margrave of Baden-Hachberg (died 1590)
1566Mehmed III, Ottoman sultan (died 1603)
1602Philippe de Champaigne, Dutch-French painter (died 1674)
1623William Petty, English economist and philosopher (died 1687)