217 a. C.Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
168 a. C.Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus who surrenders after the battle, ending the Third Macedonian War.
431The Council of Ephesus, the third ecumenical council, begins, dealing with Nestorianism.
813Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars led by Krum defeat the Byzantine army near Edirne. Emperor Michael I is forced to abdicate in favor of Leo V the Armenian.
816Election of pope Stephen IV following the death of pope Leo III earlier that month.
910The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near the Rednitz River, killing its leader Gebhard, Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine).
1527Fatahillah expels Portuguese forces from Sunda Kelapa, now regarded as the foundation of Jakarta.
1555A Mughal army under Humayun and Bairam Khan defeats an Afghan army under Sikandar Shah Suri in the battle of Sirhind, allowing Humayun to capture Delhi and reestablish the Mughal Empire in India.
1593Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Ottomans.
1633The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy.
1774The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.
1783A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France.
1793Haitian Revolution: The Battle of Cap-Français ends with French Republican troops and black slave insurgents capturing the city.
1807In the Chesapeake–Leopard affair, the British warship attacks and boards the American frigate .
1813War of 1812: After learning of American plans for a surprise attack on Beaver Dams in Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon.
1839Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.
1893The Royal Navybattleship accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon.
1897British colonial officers Charles Walter Rand and Lt. Charles Egerton Ayerst are assassinated in Pune, Maharashtra, India by the Chapekar brothers and Mahadeo Vinayak Ranade, who are later caught and hanged.
1898Spanish–American War: In a chaotic operation, 6,000 men of the U.S. Fifth Army Corps begins landing at Daiquirí, Cuba, about east of Santiago de Cuba. Lt. Gen. Arsenio Linares y Pombo of the Spanish Army outnumbers them two-to-one, but does not oppose the landings.
1907The London Underground's Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway opens.
1940World War II: France is forced to sign the Second Compiègne armistice with Germany, in the same railroad car in which the Germans signed the Armistice in 1918.
1942World War II: Erwin Rommel is promoted to Field Marshal after the Axis capture of Tobruk.
1942The Pledge of Allegiance is formally adopted by U.S. Congress.
1944World War II: Opening day of the Soviet Union's Operation Bagration against the Army Group Centre.
1944U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs into law the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill.
1945World War II: The Battle of Okinawa comes to an end with an American flag-raising ceremony.
1948The ship brought the first group of 802 West Indian immigrants to Tilbury, marking the start of modern immigration to the United Kingdom.
1948King George VI formally gives up the title "Emperor of India", half a year after Britain actually gave up its rule of India.
1962Air France Flight 117 crashes on approach to Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport in Guadeloupe, killing 112 people.
1965The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea is signed.
1966Vietnamese Buddhist activist leader Thích Trí Quang was arrested as the military junta of Nguyen Cao Ky crushed the Buddhist Uprising.
1969The Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland, Ohio, drawing national attention to water pollution, and spurring the passing of the Clean Water Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
1978Charon, the first of Pluto's satellites to be discovered, was first seen at the United States Naval Observatory by James W. Christy.
1979Former Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe was acquitted of conspiracy to murder Norman Scott, who had accused Thorpe of having a relationship with him.
1984Virgin Atlantic launches with its first flight from London to Newark.
1986The famous Hand of God goal, scored by Diego Maradona in the quarter-finals of the 1986 FIFA World Cup match between Argentina and England, ignites controversy. This was later followed by the Goal of the Century. Argentina wins 2–1 and later goes on to win the World Cup.
1990Cold War: Checkpoint Charlie is dismantled in Berlin.
2000Wuhan Airlines Flight 343 is struck by lightning and crashes into Wuhan's Hanyang District, killing 49 people.
2002An earthquake measuring 6.5 Mw strikes a region of northwestern Iran killing at least 261 people and injuring 1,300 others and eventually causing widespread public anger due to the slow official response.
2007The small town of Elie, Manitoba is hit by Canada's most intense tornado on record.
2009A Washington D.C Metro train traveling southbound near Fort Totten station collides into another train waiting to enter the station. Nine people are killed in the collision (eight passengers and the train operator) and at least 80 others are injured.
2012Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo is removed from office by impeachment and succeeded by Federico Franco.
2012A Turkish Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter plane is shot down by the Syrian Armed Forces, killing both of the plane's pilots and worsening already-strained relations between Turkey and Syria.
2015The Afghan National Assembly building is attacked by gunmen after a suicide bombing. All six of the gunmen are killed and 18 people are injured.
2022An earthquake occurs in eastern Afghanistan resulting in over 1,000 deaths.
2025The United States conducts airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear sites in Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.
Nacimientos (254)
662Rui Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (died 716)
916Sayf al-Dawla, founder of the Emirate of Aleppo (died 967)
1000Robert I, duke of Normandy (died 1035)
1373Elizabeth Bonifacia, heiress of Poland (died 1399)
1427Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Italian writer and wife of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (died 1482)
1450Eleanor of Naples, duchess of Ferrara (died 1493)
1477Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, English nobleman (died 1530)
1593Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, English landowner and Parliamentarian commander (died 1671)
1680Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish minister and theologian (died 1754).
1684Francesco Manfredini, Italian violinist and composer (died 1762)
1704John Taylor, English author and scholar (died 1766)
1713John Sackville, English cricketer and politician (died 1765)
1738Jacques Delille, French poet and translator (died 1813).
1757George Vancouver, English lieutenant and explorer (died 1798).
1763Étienne Méhul, French pianist and composer (died 1817).
1767Wilhelm von Humboldt, German philosopher, academic, and politician, Interior Minister of Prussia (died 1835).
1792James Beaumont Neilson, Scottish engineer and businessman (died 1865)
1805Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian journalist and politician (died 1872).
1820James Hutchison Stirling, Scottish physician and philosopher (died 1909).
1834William Chester Minor, American surgeon and linguist (died 1920)
1837Paul Morphy, American chess player (died 1884)
1837Ernst Ziller, German-Greek architect, designed the Presidential Mansion (died 1923)
1844Oscar von Gebhardt, German theologian and academic (died 1906)
1850Ignác Goldziher, Hungarian scholar of Islam (died 1921)
1855Samuel Morris, Australian cricketer (died 1931)
1856Henry Rider Haggard, English novelist (died 1925).
1861Maximilian von Spee, Danish-German admiral (died 1914)
1864Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician and academic (died 1909)
1869Hendrikus Colijn, Dutch Politician and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1944)[https://www.uni-muenster.de/NiederlandeNet/nl-wissen/personen/colijn.html]
1871William McDougall, English psychologist and polymath (died 1938)
1873Filippo Silvestri, Italian entomologist and academic (died 1949)
1874Walter Friedrich Otto, German philologist and scholar (died 1958)
1876Pascual Díaz y Barreto, Mexican archbishop (died 1936)