451Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats. Despite suffering catastrophic losses that led to the collapse of their alliance with the Goths and the destruction of much of the Roman army, the Romans nevertheless proclaimed victory despite the lack of any clear military success.
1180First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.
1210Michael I Komnenos Doukas, the first ruler of the despotate of Epirus, signs a treaty with the Republic of Venice and becomes their vassal.
1756A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
1782The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
1787Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.
1789Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
1791King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution.
1819The U.S. vessel arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.
1893Lizzie Borden is acquitted of the murders of her father and stepmother.
1895The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
1900Boxer Rebellion: The Imperial Chinese Army begins a 55-day siege of the Legation Quarter in Beijing, China.
1900Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.
1921Workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.
1926The 28th International Eucharistic Congress begins in Chicago, with over 250,000 spectators attending the opening procession.
1942The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.
1943The Detroit race riot breaks out and continues for three more days.
1943World War II: The Royal Air Force launches Operation Bellicose, the first shuttle bombing raid of the war. Avro Lancaster bombers damage the V-2 rocket production facilities at the Zeppelin Works while en route to an air base in Algeria.
1944World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".
1944World War II: During the Continuation War, the Soviet Union demands unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.
1944The experimental MW 18014 V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first man-made object to reach outer space.
1945The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the U.S. under Operation Paperclip.
1948In Western Allied-occupied Germany, the Currency Reform of 1948 goes into effect, introducing the Deutsche Mark. The Soviet Military Administration in Germany responded by imposing the Berlin Blockade four days later.
1956A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, killing 74 people.
1959A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of St. Lawrence killing 35.
1960The Mali Federation gains independence from France (it later splits into Mali and Senegal).
1963Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet Union and the United States sign an agreement to establish the so-called "red telephone" link between Washington, D.C., and Moscow.
1964A Curtiss C-46 Commando crashes in the Shengang District of Taiwan, killing 57 people.
1973Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in what is known as the Ezeiza massacre. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.
1973Aeroméxico Flight 229 crashes on approach to Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport, killing all 27 people on board.
1975The film Jaws is released in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing film of that time and starting the trend of films known as "summer blockbusters".
1979ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan National Guard soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle during the Nicaraguan Revolution. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.
1982The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide opens in Tel Aviv, despite attempts by the Turkish government to cancel it, as it included presentations on the Armenian genocide.
1982The Argentine Corbeta Uruguay base on Southern Thule surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the Falklands War.
1988Haitian president Leslie Manigat is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant General Henri Namphy.
1990The 7.4 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake affects northern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000.
1991The German Bundestag votes to move seat of government from the former West German capital of Bonn to the present capital of Berlin.
1994The 1994 Imam Reza shrine bomb explosion in Iran leaves at least 25 dead and 70 to 300 injured.
1996Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-78 to conduct life science and microgravity research aboard the Spacelab module.
2003The Wikimedia Foundation is founded in St. Petersburg, Florida.
2008Twelve people are killed, including nine clubgoers and three police officers, during a crowd crush in Mexico City.
2011RusAir Flight 9605 crashes in Besovets during approach to Petrozavodsk Airport, killing 47.
2019Iran's Air Defense Forces shoot down an American surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz amid rising tensions between the two countries.
2025The first EF5 tornado in 12 years occurs in Enderlin, North Dakota.
Nacimientos (219)
1005Ali az-Zahir, Fatimid caliph of Egypt (died 1036)
1389John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, English statesman (died 1435)
1469Gian Galeazzo Sforza, duke of Milan (died 1494)