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12 de octubre
Acontecimientos
- 539 a. C.The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia conquer Babylon, ending the Neo-Babylonian Empire. (Julian calendar)
- 633Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd.
- 1279The Nichiren Shōshū branch of Buddhism is founded in Japan.
- 1398In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights.
- 1406Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reaches Seoul after having set out from Java four months before.
- 1428The English and their Burgundian allies begin the Siege of Orleans, the most pivotal investiture of the Hundred Years' War.
- 1492Christopher Columbus's first expedition makes landfall on San Salvador Island in the Caribbean. (Julian calendar)
- 1654The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
- 1692The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Province of Massachusetts Bay Governor William Phips.
- 1748War of Jenkins' Ear: A British squadron wins a tactical victory over a Spanish squadron off Havana.
- 1773America's first insane asylum opens.
- 1792The first celebration of Columbus Day is held in New York City.
- 1793The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- 1798Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War.
- 1799Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute.
- 1810The citizens of Munich hold the first Oktoberfest in celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Louis of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
- 1822Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor.
- 1849The city of Manizales, Colombia, is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'.
- 1856An M 7.7–8.3 earthquake off the Greek island of Crete causes major damage as far as Egypt and Malta.
- 1871The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
- 1890Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.
- 1892The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools.
- 1901President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.
- 1909Foundation of Coritiba Foot Ball Club.
- 1915World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from occupied Belgium.
- 1917World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single-day loss of life in New Zealand history.
- 1918A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Minnesota.
- 1928An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Boston Children's Hospital.
- 1933The military Alcatraz Citadel becomes the civilian Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.
- 1944World War II: The Axis occupation of Athens comes to an end.
- 1945World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
- 1945The Lao Issara took control of Laos' government and reaffirmed the country's independence.
- 1959At the national congress of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in Peru, a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form APRA Rebelde.
- 1960Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at the United Nations to protest a Philippine assertion.
- 1962The Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities. There was at least U.S. $230 million in damages and 46 people died.
- 1963After nearly 23 years of imprisonment, Reverend Walter Ciszek, a Jesuit missionary, was released from the Soviet Union.
- 1964The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew, and the first flight without pressure suits.
- 1967A bomb explodes on board Cyprus Airways Flight 284 while flying over the Mediterranean Sea, killing 66.
- 1968Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain.
- 1970Vietnam War: Vietnamization continues as President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas.
- 1971The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire begins.
- 1973President Nixon nominates House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as the successor to Vice President Spiro T. Agnew.
- 1976Indian Airlines Flight 171 crashes at Santacruz Airport in Bombay, India, killing 95.
- 1977Hua Guofeng succeeds Mao Zedong as paramount leader of China.
- 1979Typhoon Tip becomes the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
- 1983Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from the Lockheed Corporation, and is sentenced to four years in jail.
- 1984The Provisional Irish Republican Army fail to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. The bomb kills five people and wounds at least 31 others.
- 1988Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down execution-style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia.
- 1992A 5.8 earthquake occurred in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died.
- 1994The Magellan spacecraft burns up in the atmosphere of Venus.
- 1994Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746 crashes near Natanz, Iran, killing all 66 people on board.
- 1996New Zealand holds its first general election under the new mixed-member proportional representation system, which led to Jim Bolger's National Party forming a coalition government with Winston Peters's New Zealand First.
- 1997The Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria kills 43 people at a fake roadblock.
- 1999Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.
- 1999The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia.
- 2000The USS Cole, a US Navy destroyer, is badly damaged by two al-Qaeda suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
- 2000Two Israeli reservists are lynched by a Palestinian mob at the police station of Ramallah.
- 2002Terrorists detonate bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, killing 202 and wounding over 200.
- 2005The second Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 6, is launched, carrying two cosmonauts in orbit for five days.
- 2010The Finnish Yle TV2 channel's Ajankohtainen kakkonen current affairs program airs controversial Homoilta episode (literally "gay night"), which leads to the resignation of almost 50,000 Finns from the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
- 2012The European Union wins the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize.
- 2013An apartment building collapse in Medellín, Colombia results in the deaths of twelve people.
- 2017The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO. Israel immediately follows.
- 2019Typhoon Hagibis makes landfall in Japan, killing 10 and forcing the evacuation of one million people.
- 2019Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya becomes the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours with a time of 1:59:40 in Vienna.
- 2019The Hard Rock Hotel in New Orleans, which is under construction, collapses, killing three workers and injuring 30 others.
- 20222022 Bratislava shooting occurs outside a gay bar, killing 3 (including the perpetrator) and injuring one.
Nacimientos
- 1008Go-Ichijō, emperor of Japan (died 1036)
- 1240Trần Thánh Tông, emperor of Vietnam (then Đại Việt) (died 1290)
- 1350Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow (died 1389)
- 1490Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer and priest (died 1548)
- 1533Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (died 1573)
- 1537Edward VI, king of England (died 1553)
- 1555Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, English diplomat (died 1601)
- 1558Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (died 1618)
- 1559Jacques Sirmond, French scholar and Jesuit (died 1651)
- 1576Thomas Dudley, English-American soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (died 1653)
- 1602William Chillingworth, English scholar and theologian (died 1644)
- 1614Henry More, English philosopher (died 1687)
- 1687Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (died 1750)
- 1710Jonathan Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (died 1785)
- 1725Étienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (died 1810)
- 1792Christian Gmelin, German chemist and pharmacist (died 1860)
- 1798Pedro I, emperor of Brazil (died 1834)
- 1801Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Swiss Confederation (died 1873)
- 1815William J. Hardee, American general (died 1873)
- 1826Kathinka Kraft, Norwegian memoirist (died 1895)
- 1838George Thorn, Australian politician, 6th Premier of Queensland (died 1905)
- 1840Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (died 1909)
- 1855Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor and academic (died 1922)
- 1860Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American engineer and businessman, co-invented the gyrocompass (died 1930)
- 1864Kamini Roy, British India's first female graduate, Bengali poet, social activist, and feminist writer (died 1933)
- 1865Arthur Harden, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
- 1866Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1937)
- 1868August Horch, German engineer and businessman, founded Audi (died 1951)
- 1868Mariano Trías, Filipino general and politician, 1st Vice President of the Philippines (died 1914)
- 1872Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer and educator (died 1958)
- 1874Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (died 1942)
- 1875Aleister Crowley, English magician and author (died 1947)
- 1878Truxtun Hare, American football player and hammer thrower (died 1956)
- 1880Louis Hémon, French-Canadian author (died 1913)
- 1880Kullervo Manner, Finnish Speaker of the Parliament, the Prime Minister of the FSWR and the Supreme Commander of the Red Guards (died 1939)
- 1882Pete Hill, American baseball player
- 1889Dietrich von Hildebrand, German Catholic philosopher and author (died 1977)
- 1891Edith Stein, Polish nun and martyr; later canonized (died 1942)
- 1891Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese soldier and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Japan (died 1945)
- 1892Gilda dalla Rizza, Italian soprano and actress (died 1975)
- 1893Velvalee Dickinson, American spy (died 1980)
- 1894Elisabeth of Romania, queen consort of Greece (died 1956)
- 1896Eugenio Montale, Italian poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981)
- 1903Josephine Hutchinson, American actress (died 1998)
- 1904Lester Dent, American journalist and author (died 1959)
- 1904Anthony F. DePalma, American orthopedic surgeon and professor (died 2005)
- 1904Ding Ling, Chinese author and educator (died 1986)
- 1905Rick Ferrell, American baseball player (died 1995)
- 1906Joe Cronin, American baseball player and manager (died 1984)
- 1906John Murray, American playwright and producer (died 1984)
- 1906Piero Taruffi, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (died 1988)
- 1908Paul Engle, American novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (died 1991)
- 1908Ann Petry, American novelist (died 1997)
- 1909Dorothy Livesay, Canadian poet (died 1996)
- 1910Robert Fitzgerald, American poet, critic, and translator (died 1985)
- 1910Malcolm Renfrew, American chemist and academic (died 2013)
- 1911Vijay Merchant, Indian cricketer (died 1987)
- 1912Muhammad Shamsul Huq, Bangladeshi academic and former Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 2006)
- 1913Alice Chetwynd Ley, English author and educator (died 2004)
- 1914John E. Hodge, African-American chemist (died 1996)
- 1916Alice Childress, American actress and playwright (died 1994)
- 1916Lock Martin, American actor (died 1959)
- 1917Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan footballer and manager (died 2004)
- 1917James Phillip McAuley, Australian Poet (died 1976)
- 1919Gilles Beaudoin, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Trois-Rivières (died 2007)
- 1919Doris Miller, American cook and soldier (died 1943)
- 1920Christopher Soames, English politician and diplomat, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (died 1987)
- 1920Steve Conway, British singer (died 1952)
- 1921Art Clokey, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor, created Gumby (died 2010)
- 1921Jaroslav Drobný, Czech-English tennis player and ice hockey player (died 2001)
- 1921Logie Bruce Lockhart, Scottish rugby player and journalist (died 2020)
- 1922William H. Sullivan, American soldier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Philippines (died 2013)
- 1923Jean Nidetch, American businesswoman, co-founded Weight Watchers (died 2015)
- 1923Goody Petronelli, American boxer, trainer, and manager (died 2012)
- 1924Leonidas Kyrkos, Greek politician (died 2011)
- 1925Denis Lazure, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (died 2008)
- 1926Eliška Misáková, Czech gymnast (died 1948)
- 1928Al Held, American painter and academic (died 2005)
- 1928Domna Samiou, Greek singer and musicologist (died 2012)
- 1929Nappy Brown, American R&B singer-songwriter (died 2008)
- 1929Robert Coles, American psychologist, author, and academic (died 2026)
- 1929Magnus Magnusson, Icelandic journalist and academic (died 2007)
- 1930Denis Brodeur, Canadian ice hockey player and photographer (died 2013)
- 1930Milica Kacin Wohinz, Slovenian historian and author (died 2021)
- 1931Ole-Johan Dahl, Norwegian computer scientist and academic, co-developed Simula (died 2002)
- 1932Dick Gregory, American comedian, actor, and author (died 2017)
- 1932Ned Jarrett, American race car driver and sportscaster (died 2026)
- 1933Guido Molinari, Canadian painter and art collector (died 2004)
- 1934James "Sugar Boy" Crawford, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2012)
- 1934Richard Meier, American architect, designed the Getty Center and City Tower
- 1934Albert Shiryaev, Russian mathematician and academic
- 1934Oğuz Atay, Turkish engineer and author (died 1977)
- 1934Constantine Manos, Greek-born American photographer (died 2025)
- 1935Don Howe, English footballer and manager (died 2015)
- 1935Tony Kubek, American baseball player and sportscaster
- 1935Sam Moore, American soul singer-songwriter (died 2025)
- 1935Shivraj Patil, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Defence
- 1935Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor and actor (died 2007)
- 1937Paul Hawkins, Australian race car driver (died 1969)
- 1937Robert Mangold, American painter
- 1941Michael Mansfield, English lawyer, academic, and republican
- 1942Melvin Franklin, American soul bass singer (died 1995)
- 1943Kostas Tsakonas, Greek actor (died 2015)
- 1943Lin Shaye, American actress
- 1944Angela Rippon, English journalist and author
- 1944Jack Marin, American basketball player
- 1945Aurore Clément, French actress
- 1945Dusty Rhodes, American wrestler (died 2015)
- 1946Drew Edmondson, American politician
- 1946Ashok Mankad, Indian cricketer (died 2008)
- 1946Daryl Runswick, English bassist and composer
- 1947Chris Wallace, American journalist
- 1948John Engler, American businessman and politician, 46th Governor of Michigan
- 1948Rick Parfitt, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2016)
- 1949Dave Lloyd, English cyclist and coach
- 1949Carlos the Jackal, Venezuelan terrorist
- 1949Barclay Shaw, American artist
- 1949Paul Went, English footballer and manager (died 2017)
- 1950Susan Anton, American actress and model
- 1950Dave Freudenthal, American economist and politician, 31st Governor of Wyoming
- 1951Sally Little, South African-American golfer
- 1951Ed Royce, American businessman and politician
- 1951Norio Suzuki, Japanese golfer
- 1952Trevor Chappell, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1952Béla Csécsei, Hungarian educator and politician (died 2012)
- 1952Roger Heath-Brown, English mathematician and theorist
- 1953Les Dennis, English comedian and actor
- 1953David Threlfall, English actor and director
- 1954Evalie A. Bradley, Anguillian politician and member of the House of Assembly of Anguilla
- 1954Massimo Ghini, Italian actor
- 1954Michael Roe, American singer, songwriter, and record producer
- 1954Linval Thompson, Jamaican singer and producer
- 1955Einar Jan Aas, Norwegian footballer
- 1955Pat DiNizio, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2017)
- 1955Ante Gotovina, Croatian general
- 1955Jane Siberry, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer
- 1956Rafael Ábalos, Spanish author
- 1956Allan Evans, Scottish footballer
- 1956Lutz Haueisen, German cyclist
- 1956Catherine Holmes, Australian judge
- 1956Gerti Schanderl, German figure skater
- 1956David Vanian, English singer-songwriter
- 1957Clémentine Célarié, French actress, singer, and director
- 1957Serge Clerc, French comic book artist and illustrator
- 1957Mike Dowler, Welsh footballer
- 1957Annik Honoré, Belgian journalist and music promoter (died 2014)
- 1957William F. Laurance, Australian biologist
- 1958Steve Austria, American lawyer and politician
- 1958Maria de Fátima Silva de Sequeira Dias, Portuguese historian, author, and academic (died 2013)
- 1958Jeff Keith, American rock singer-songwriter
- 1958Bryn Merrick, Welsh bass player (died 2015)
- 1959Anna Escobedo Cabral, American lawyer and politician, 42nd Treasurer of the United States
- 1960Steve Lowery, American golfer
- 1960Carlo Perrone, Italian footballer and manager
- 1960Hiroyuki Sanada, Japanese actor and martial artist
- 1960Dorothee Vieth, German Paralympic cyclist
- 1961Chendo, Spanish footballer
- 1962Carlos Bernard, American actor and director
- 1962Michelle Botes, South African actress (died 2024)
- 1962Chris Botti, American trumpet player and composer
- 1962John Coleman, English footballer and manager
- 1962Branko Crvenkovski, Macedonian engineer and politician, 3rd President of the Republic of Macedonia
- 1962Deborah Foreman, American actress and photographer
- 1962Mads Eriksen, Norwegian guitarist and composer
- 1963Raimond Aumann, German footballer
- 1963Hideki Fujisawa, Japanese composer
- 1963Satoshi Kon, Japanese animator and screenwriter (died 2010)
- 1963Dave Legeno, English actor and mixed martial artist (died 2014)
- 1963Alan McDonald, Irish footballer and manager (died 2012)
- 1963Luis Polonia, Dominican baseball player
- 1965Dan Abnett, English author
- 1965Chris Chandler, American football player
- 1965J. J. Daigneault, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1965Scott O'Grady, American captain and pilot
- 1966Jonathan Crombie, Canadian actor and voice over artist (died 2015)
- 1966Wim Jonk, Dutch footballer
- 1966Brian Kennedy, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1966Brenda Romero, American game designer
- 1967Becky Iverson, American golfer
- 1968Bill Auberlen, American race car driver
- 1968Paul Harragon, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
- 1968Hugh Jackman, Australian actor, singer, and producer
- 1968Leon Lett, American football player
- 1968Adam Rich, American actor (died 2023)
- 1969Martie Maguire, American singer-songwriter, violinist, and producer
- 1969Željko Milinovič, Slovenian footballer
- 1969Dwayne Roloson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1969José Valentín, American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1970Kirk Cameron, American actor, screenwriter, and Christian evangelical/anti-evolution activist
- 1970Patrick Musimu, Belgian diver and physiotherapist (died 2011)
- 1970Tanyon Sturtze, American baseball player
- 1970Charlie Ward, American basketball player and coach
- 1971Tony Fiore, American baseball player
- 1971Steve Johnston, Australian motorcycle racer
- 1971Bronzell Miller, American football player and actor (died 2013)
- 1972Juan Manuel Silva, Argentinian race car driver
- 1972Tom Van Mol, Belgian footballer
- 1973Lesli Brea, Dominican baseball player
- 1973Martin Corry, English rugby player
- 1974Stephen Lee, English snooker player
- 1975Susana Félix, Portuguese singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
- 1975Marion Jones, American basketball player and runner
- 1975Randy Robitaille, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976Simon Bridges, New Zealand politician
- 1977Cristie Kerr, American golfer
- 1977Bode Miller, American skier
- 1977Javier Toyo, Venezuelan footballer
- 1978Stefan Binder, German footballer
- 1978Baden Cooke, Australian cyclist
- 1978Marko Jarić, Serbian basketball player
- 1979Steven Agnew, Northern Irish politician
- 1979Steve Borthwick, English rugby player and coach
- 1979Jordan Pundik, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1980Ledley King, English footballer
- 1980Ann Wauters, Belgian basketball player
- 1981Tom Guiry, American actor
- 1981Marcel Hossa, Slovak ice hockey player
- 1981Brian Kerr, Scottish footballer and manager
- 1981Giuseppe Lanzone, American rower
- 1981Brian J. Smith, American actor
- 1981Conrad Smith, New Zealand rugby player
- 1981Sun Tiantian, Chinese tennis player
- 1983Alex Brosque, Australian footballer
- 1983Carlton Cole, English footballer
- 1983Katie Piper, English philanthropist, broadcaster, and acid violence survivor
- 1983Mariko Yamamoto, Japanese cricketer
- 1985Michelle Carter, American shot putter
- 1985Mike Green, Canadian hockey player
- 1985Anna Iljuštšenko, Estonian high jumper
- 1985Greig Laidlaw, Scottish rugby player
- 1985Carl Söderberg, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1986Ioannis Maniatis, Greek footballer
- 1986Sergio Peter, German footballer
- 1986Cristhian Stuani, Uruguayan footballer
- 1986Tyler Blackburn, American actor
- 1987Marvin Ogunjimi, Belgian footballer
- 1988Sam Whitelock, New Zealand rugby player
- 1988Calum Scott, British singer
- 1989Anna Ohmiya, Japanese curler
- 1990Henri Lansbury, English footballer
- 1991Nicolao Dumitru, Italian footballer
- 1992Josh Hutcherson, American actor and producer
- 1993Ketel Marte, Dominican baseball player
- 1993Jake McCabe, American ice hockey player
- 1994Sean Monahan, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1994Olivia Smoliga, American swimmer
- 1995Jessica Hogg, Welsh artistic gymnast
- 1996James Graham, British singer
- 1996Owen Watkin, Welsh rugby player
- 1997Curtis Scott, Australian rugby league player
- 1999Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Irish actor and musician
- 2000Jongho, South Korean singer and actor
- 2000Mia Threapleton, British actress
- 2001Brett Cooper, American political commentator, actress, and social media personality
- 2002Iris Apatow, American actress
- 2004Darci Lynne, American ventriloquist
Fallecimientos
- 322 a. C.Demosthenes, Athenian statesman, (born 384 BC)
- 638Honorius I, pope of the Catholic Church
- 642John IV, pope of the Catholic Church
- 884Tsunesada, Japanese prince (born 825)
- 974Al-Muti, Abbasid caliph (born 913/14)
- 1095Leopold II, margrave of Austria (born 1050)
- 1152Adolf III of Berg, German nobleman (born 1080)
- 1176William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician (born 1109)
- 1320Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (born 1277)
- 1328Clementia of Hungary, queen consort of France and Navarre (born 1293)
- 1448Zhu Quan, Chinese prince, historian and playwright (born 1378)
- 1491Fritz Herlen, German painter (born 1449)
- 1492Piero della Francesca, Italian mathematician and painter (born 1415)
- 1565Jean Ribault, French-American lieutenant and navigator (born 1520)
- 1576Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1527)
- 1590Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter and educator (born 1543)
- 1600Luis de Molina, Spanish priest and philosopher (born 1535)
- 1601Nicholas Brend, English landowner (born 1560)
- 1632Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese commander (born 1549)
- 1646François de Bassompierre, French general and courtier (born 1579)
- 1654Carel Fabritius, Dutch painter (born 1622)
- 1678Edmund Berry Godfrey, English lawyer and judge (born 1621)
- 1679William Gurnall, English minister, theologian, and author (born 1617)
- 1685Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian lawyer and jurist (born 1628)
- 1730Frederick IV, king of Denmark and Norway (born 1671)
- 1758Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, Irish field marshal and politician (born 1680)
- 1812Juan José Castelli, Argentinian lawyer and politician (born 1764)
- 1828Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble (born 1737)
- 1845Elizabeth Fry, English prison reformer, Quaker and philanthropist (born 1780)
- 1858Hiroshige, Japanese painter (born 1797)
- 1870Robert E. Lee, American general (born 1807)
- 1875Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (born 1827)
- 1896Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish lawyer and politician, 9th Council President of Denmark (born 1817)
- 1898Calvin Fairbank, American minister and activist (born 1816)
- 1914Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (born 1838)
- 1915Edith Cavell, English nurse (born 1865)
- 1923Bunny Lucas, English cricketer (born 1857)
- 1924Anatole France, French journalist, novelist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1844)
- 1926Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian and author (born 1838)
- 1933John Lister, English philanthropist and politician (born 1847)
- 1940Tom Mix, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1880)
- 1946Joseph Stilwell, American general (born 1883)
- 1948Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English psychologist and psychoanalyst (born 1885)
- 1954George Welch, American soldier and pilot (born 1918)
- 1956Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer and painter (born 1872)
- 1957Arie de Jong, Indonesian-Dutch linguist and physician (born 1865)
- 1958Gordon Griffith, American actor, director, and producer (born 1907)
- 1960Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese lawyer and politician (born 1898)
- 1965Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1899)
- 1967Ram Manohar Lohia, Indian activist and politician (born 1910)
- 1969Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater and actress (born 1912)
- 1969Serge Poliakoff, Russian-French painter and academic (born 1906)
- 1969Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (born 1891)
- 1970Feodor Stepanovich Rojankovsky, Russian-American illustrator and painter (born 1891)
- 1970Mustafa Zaidi, Pakistani poet and academic (born 1930)
- 1971Dean Acheson, American lawyer and politician, 51st United States Secretary of State (born 1893)
- 1971Gene Vincent, American musician (born 1935)
- 1972Robert Le Vigan, French-Argentinian actor and politician (born 1900)
- 1973Peter Aufschnaiter, Austrian mountaineer, geographer, and cartographer (born 1899)
- 1978Nancy Spungen, American figure of the 1970s punk rock scene (born 1958)
- 1984Anthony Berry, English politician (born 1925)
- 1985Johnny Olson, American radio host and game show announcer (born 1910)
- 1985Ricky Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1953)
- 1987Alf Landon, American lieutenant and politician, 26th Governor of Kansas (born 1887)
- 1987Fahri Korutürk, Turkish commander and politician, 6th President of Turkey (born 1903)
- 1988Ruth Manning-Sanders, Welsh-English poet and author (born 1886)
- 1988Coby Whitmore, American painter and illustrator (born 1913)
- 1989Jay Ward, American animator, producer, and screenwriter, founded Jay Ward Productions (born 1920)
- 1990Rifaat el-Mahgoub, Egyptian politician (born 1926)
- 1990Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian physician, mountaineer, and author (born 1899)
- 1991Sheila Florance, Australian actress (born 1916)
- 1991Arkady Strugatsky, Russian author and translator (born 1925)
- 1991Regis Toomey, American actor (born 1898)
- 1993Leon Ames, American actor (born 1902)
- 1994Gérald Godin, Canadian journalist and politician (born 1938)
- 1996René Lacoste, French tennis player and fashion designer, co-founded Lacoste (born 1904)
- 1996Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (born 1911)
- 1997John Denver, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (born 1943)
- 1998Mario Beaulieu, Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1930)
- 1998Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (born 1976)
- 1999Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player and coach (born 1936)
- 1999Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (born 1919)
- 2001Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, English academic and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1907)
- 2001Hikmet Şimşek, Turkish conductor (born 1924)
- 2001Richard Buckle, Ballet critic and writer (born 1916)
- 2002Ray Conniff, American bandleader and composer (born 1916)
- 2002Audrey Mestre, French biologist and diver (born 1974)
- 2002Hilaire du Berrier, American-French aviator, mercenary, and writer (born 1906)
- 2003Jim Cairns, Australian economist and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (born 1914)
- 2003Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (born 1928)
- 2003Bill Shoemaker, American jockey (born 1931)
- 2005C. Delores Tucker, American activist and politician (born 1927)
- 2006Angelika Machinek, German glider pilot (born 1956)
- 2006Eugène Martin, French race car driver (born 1915)
- 2006Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian director and screenwriter (born 1919)
- 2006Carlo Acutis, Italian programmer, known for his devotion to the Eucharist (born 1991)
- 2007Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower (born 1934)
- 2008Karl Chircop, Maltese physician and politician (born 1965)
- 2009Dickie Peterson American singer-songwriter and bass player (born 1948)
- 2009Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (born 1974)
- 2010Austin Ardill, Northern Irish soldier and politician (born 1917)
- 2010Woody Peoples, American football player (born 1943)
- 2010Belva Plain, American author (born 1919)
- 2011Patricia Breslin, American actress (born 1931)
- 2011Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist, created the C programming language (born 1941)
- 2012James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (born 1910)
- 2012Norm Grabowski, American hot rod builder and actor (born 1933)
- 2012Sukhdev Singh Kang, Indian judge and politician, 14th Governor of Kerala (born 1931)
- 2012Torkom Manoogian, Iraqi-Armenian patriarch (born 1919)
- 2012Erik Moseholm, Danish bassist, composer, and bandleader (born 1930)
- 2012Břetislav Pojar, Czech animator, director, and screenwriter (born 1923)
- 2013George Herbig, American astronomer and academic (born 1920)
- 2013Oscar Hijuelos, American author and academic (born 1951)
- 2013Hans Wilhelm Longva, Norwegian diplomat (born 1942)
- 2013Malcolm Renfrew, American chemist and academic (born 1910)
- 2014Ali Mazrui, Kenyan-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (born 1933)
- 2014Graham Miles, English snooker player (born 1941)
- 2014Roberto Telch, Argentinian footballer and coach (born 1943)
- 2015Abdallah Kigoda, Tanzanian politician, 8th Tanzanian Minister of Industry and Trade (born 1953)
- 2015Joan Leslie, American actress, dancer, and vaudevillian (born 1925)
- 2017Margarita D'Amico, Venezuelan journalist (born 1938)
- 2020Conchata Ferrell, American actress (born 1943)
- 2020Roberta McCain, American socialite and oil heiress (born 1912)
- 2023Luis Garavito, Colombian serial killer (born 1957)
- 2024Jackmaster, Scottish DJ and record producer (born 1986)
- 2024Ka, American rapper (born 1972)
- 2024Lilly Ledbetter, American activist (born 1938)
- 2024Tito Mboweni, South African politician (born 1959)
- 2024Alvin Rakoff, Canadian film and television director (born 1927)
- 2024Alex Salmond, Scottish economist and politician, First Minister of Scotland (born 1954)
- 2024Baba Siddique, Indian politician (born 1958)
- 2025Jackie Burch, American casting director (born 1951)
- 2026RJ Mitte, American actor and producer (born 1992)
Celebraciones
- Children's Day (Brazil)
- Discovery of America by Columbus-related observances (see also October 8):
- Columbus Day (Honduras)
- Día de la Hispanidad or Fiesta Nacional de España, also Armed Forces Day (Spain)
- Día de la Raza (El Salvador, Uruguay)
- Día de la Resistencia Indígena, "Day of Indigenous Resistance" (Venezuela)
- Día de las Américas (Belize)
- Día de las Culturas, "Day of the Cultures" (Costa Rica)
- Día del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural, "Day of respect for cultural diversity" (Argentina)
- Discovery Day (The Bahamas)
- Feast for Life of Aleister Crowley, celebrated as "Crowleymas" (Thelema)
- Fiesta Nacional de España (Spain)
- Hafez Day (Iran) [https://web.archive.org/web/20111215014953/http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/arts-and-culture/3312-shiraz-getting-prepared-for-national-hafez-day 1]
- Independence Day (Equatorial Guinea), celebrates the independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain in 1968.
- International Day Against DRM
Santoral
- Domnina of Anazarbus
- Edith Cavell and Elizabeth Fry (Church of England)
- Fiacc
- Our Lady of the Pillar (Fiestas del Pilar)
- Our Lady of Aparecida
- Blessed Louis Brisson
- Radim Gaudentius (Czech Republic)
- Blessed Roman Sitko
- Seraphin of Montegranaro
- Thomas Bullaker
- Wilfrid of Ripon
- Carlo Acutis
- October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)